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CBSE · Class 12 · Social Science

Human Development

Standard difficulty · 20 questions · 40 marks · Time: 37 minutes

Name: Date: Score: ____ / 40

Write full answers in Sections B and C. Answers are on the last page — try every question first!

Section A — Choose the correct answer8 × 1 = 8 marks
1.
The concept of human development was introduced by:
  1. Thomas Malthus
  2. Griffith Taylor
  3. Amartya Sen
  4. Mahbub-ul-Haq
2.
What is the main idea of the welfare approach to human development?
  1. the government spends on welfare and people are passive recipients
  2. development means more exports only
  3. development is measured by population size
  4. building health, education and access to resources
3.
What does the pillar of sustainability mean in human development?
  1. using more machines in factories
  2. equal access to opportunities for everybody
  3. the same opportunities for every generation
  4. a larger army of workers
4.
In the HDI, which indicator measures health?
  1. life expectancy at birth
  2. number of factories
  3. area under forest
  4. adult literacy rate and gross enrolment ratio
5.
What is the UNDP known for in the study of human development?
  1. first proposed the basic needs approach
  2. wrote about the demographic transition
  3. publishes the Human Development Report every year
  4. introduced human development and the HDI in 1990
6.
Suppose a country’s health index is 0.681, its education index 0.600 and its income index 0.651. Each has a weight of one-third. What is its HDI?
  1. 0.674
  2. 1.932
  3. 0.644
  4. 0.681
7.
Suppose 14,214 of a district’s 20,600 adults can read and write. What is its adult literacy rate?
  1. 74%
  2. 31%
  3. 69%
  4. 62%
8.
Which of these is one of the six basic needs in the basic needs approach?
  1. sanitation
  2. foreign holidays
  3. gold jewellery
  4. private cars
Section B — Short answer8 × 2 = 16 marks
9.
How did Mahbub-ul-Haq describe human development?
10.
Explain each approach to human development: (a) the capability approach (b) the basic needs approach
11.
Explain each pillar of human development: (a) productivity (b) sustainability
12.
Suppose a country’s health index is 0.891, education index 0.892 and income index 0.737, each weighted one-third. What is its HDI, and is it closer to 1 (higher human development) or to 0 (lower)?
13.
Suppose a district has 2,200 children of school age and 1,892 are enrolled in school. What is its enrolment ratio, and which HDI dimension does it measure?
14.
What is each known for? (a) Amartya Sen (b) Mahbub-ul-Haq
15.
Suppose life expectancy at birth is 53 years in Country P and 83 years in Country Q. What is the difference, and which would score higher on the health index?
16.
Suppose a village of 37,300 people gets safe water supply for 20% of them. How many still lack it, and which approach treats water supply as one of six basic needs?
Section C — Longer answers4 × 4 = 16 marks
17.
Explain the four approaches to human development.
18.
Match each with its main idea: (a) capability approach (b) welfare approach (c) income approach. Choose from: the government spends on welfare and people are passive recipients; human development is linked to the level of income; building health, education and access to resources.
19.
Suppose a country’s indices are: health 0.857, education 0.876, income 0.718. (a) What is its HDI (each weight one-third)? (b) Which dimension is weakest? (c) Suggest one way to improve it.
20.
Suppose a district has 8,400 adults, of whom 6,720 can read and write, and 6,100 school-age children, of whom 5,917 are enrolled. (a) Find the adult literacy rate. (b) Find the enrolment ratio. (c) Which pillar of human development do equal chances of schooling for all show?
AmbifulWorksheets
Practice that never repeats
CBSE · Class 12 · Social Science

Answer key

Human Development · AW-12SS-GHD-2026-V1 · For parents — fold back or tear off before handing the sheet to your child.

QAnswerWorking
1(d) Mahbub-ul-Haq—
2(a) the government spends on welfare and people are passive recipients—
3(c) the same opportunities for every generation—
4(a) life expectancy at birth—
5(c) publishes the Human Development Report every year—
6(c) 0.644(0.681 + 0.600 + 0.651) ÷ 3
7(c) 69%14,214 ÷ 20,600 × 100
8(a) sanitation—
9Development that enlarges people’s choices and improves their lives, with people at its centre.—
10(a) building health, education and access to resources (b) six basic needs, first proposed by the ILO—
11(a) better human work through more knowledge and health (b) the same opportunities for every generation—
120.840; closer to 1, a higher level(0.891 + 0.892 + 0.737) ÷ 3
1386%; access to knowledge1,892 ÷ 2,200 × 100
14(a) saw development as an increase in freedom (b) introduced human development and the HDI in 1990—
1530 years; Country Q83 − 53
1629,840 people; the basic needs approach (ILO)(100 − 20)% of 37,300
17Income (development tied to income), welfare (government spends on welfare; people are passive recipients), basic needs (six needs from the ILO), capability (building health, education and resources, Amartya Sen).—
18(a) building health, education and access to resources (b) the government spends on welfare and people are passive recipients (c) human development is linked to the level of income—
19(a) 0.817 (b) income (c) e.g. more jobs and skills training(0.857 + 0.876 + 0.718) ÷ 3
20(a) 80% (b) 97% (c) equity÷ 8,400 × 100; ÷ 6,100 × 100