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CBSE · Class 12 · Social Science

Secondary Activities

Standard difficulty · 20 questions · 40 marks · Time: 37 minutes

Name: Date: Score: ____ / 40

Write full answers in Sections B and C. Answers are on the last page — try every question first!

Section A — Choose the correct answer8 × 1 = 8 marks
1.
Manufacturing literally means:
  1. to mine
  2. to sell
  3. to make by machine
  4. to make by hand
2.
Sugar industries are usually located close to:
  1. sugarcane fields
  2. good road links
  3. raw jute and cheap water transport
  4. milk supply areas
3.
On the basis of raw material, the cement industry is:
  1. forest-based
  2. animal-based
  3. agro-based
  4. mineral-based
4.
What is meant by “mass production”?
  1. large quantities of standard parts, each worker doing one task
  2. not tied to one raw material; located by road access, e.g. small electronics units
  3. make goods people use directly, e.g. soap and biscuits
  4. make goods used to make other goods, e.g. iron and steel
5.
Which of these is made by a consumer goods industry?
  1. machine tools
  2. textile machinery
  3. cement
  4. television sets
6.
Suppose an iron ore contains 70% iron. How many tonnes of iron are in 160 tonnes of ore? (Weight-losing ores pull plants close to mines.)
  1. 112 tonnes
  2. 160 tonnes
  3. 48 tonnes
  4. 1,120 tonnes
7.
Suppose cotton worth ₹2,300 is made into cloth, and manufacturing adds 100% to its value. What is the cloth worth?
  1. ₹4,700
  2. ₹2,300
  3. ₹4,600
  4. ₹2,400
8.
Suppose 2.5 sq km of farmland employs 15 workers, while factories on the same area employ 2,520. How many times as many workers do the factories employ?
  1. 183 times
  2. 2,520 times
  3. 168 times
  4. 1,680 times
Section B — Short answer8 × 2 = 16 marks
9.
How do secondary activities add value to natural resources? Give an example.
10.
Where is each industry usually located? (a) dairy processing (b) jute textiles
11.
Classify each industry by raw material (agro-, mineral-, chemical-, forest- or animal-based): (a) furniture (b) sugar
12.
Explain each term: (a) consumer goods industries (b) mass production
13.
Suppose a craft workshop makes chairs at ₹3,100 each and a factory using mass production makes them at ₹2,200 each. How much is saved on 300 chairs, and why is mass production cheaper?
14.
Suppose ore is 70% iron. How many tonnes of ore are needed to make 546 tonnes of iron, and why are such plants built near the mines?
15.
Is each made by a basic or a consumer goods industry? (a) television sets (b) writing paper
16.
Suppose raw cotton worth ₹4,300 becomes yarn worth ₹4,800, and the yarn becomes cloth worth ₹7,600. How much value is added at each step, and in all?
Section C — Longer answers4 × 4 = 16 marks
17.
Differentiate between primary and secondary activities.
18.
Match each with its usual location: (a) sugar (b) jute textiles (c) iron and steel. Choose from: iron ore and coal; raw jute and cheap water transport; sugarcane fields.
19.
A steel plant uses ore that is 50% iron. (a) How many tonnes of ore give 570 tonnes of iron? (b) Is this ore a weight-losing raw material? (c) Name two other factors that decide where industries locate.
20.
Explain each with an example: (a) agglomeration economies (b) mass production
AmbifulWorksheets
Practice that never repeats
CBSE · Class 12 · Social Science

Answer key

Secondary Activities · AW-12SS-GSA-2026-V1 · For parents — fold back or tear off before handing the sheet to your child.

QAnswerWorking
1(d) to make by hand—
2(a) sugarcane fields—
3(d) mineral-based—
4(a) large quantities of standard parts, each worker doing one task—
5(d) television sets—
6(a) 112 tonnes70% of 160
7(c) ₹4,600₹2,300 + 100%
8(c) 168 times2,520 ÷ 15
9They turn raw materials into more useful products, e.g. cotton into yarn and cloth, or iron ore into steel.—
10(a) milk supply areas (b) raw jute and cheap water transport—
11(a) forest-based (b) agro-based—
12(a) make goods people use directly, e.g. soap and biscuits (b) large quantities of standard parts, each worker doing one task—
13₹270,000; standard parts and one task per worker cut the cost of each piece300 × (₹3,100 − ₹2,200)
14780 tonnes; the ore is bulky and loses weight, so carrying it far is costly546 × 100 ÷ 70
15(a) consumer (b) consumer—
16₹500 as yarn, ₹2,800 as cloth; ₹3,300 in all₹4,800 − ₹4,300; ₹7,600 − ₹4,800
17Primary activities take resources directly from nature (farming, mining, fishing); secondary activities process them into finished goods of higher value (manufacturing, processing, construction).—
18(a) sugarcane fields (b) raw jute and cheap water transport (c) iron ore and coal—
19(a) 1,140 tonnes (b) yes, so the plant is built near the mines (c) any two: market, labour, energy, transport, government policy, agglomeration economies570 × 100 ÷ 50
20(a) Savings from being near a leader industry and other firms (b) Large quantities of standard parts, each worker doing one task—