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Class 10 Gender and Society: cheat sheet
CBSE Social Science. The gender division of work, patriarchy and feminist movements, women’s pay and the child sex ratio, and women’s representation in legislatures and local bodies.
Key ideas
- The sexual division of labour gives housework to women and outside work to men; when such work is paid, men often take it up.
- Patriarchy is a system that values men more and gives them power over women; a feminist believes in equal rights for women and men.
- Feminist movements demanded voting rights, better legal and political status, education and careers, and equality in family life.
- Girls do as well as boys at school but often drop out, as many parents spend more on sons’ education.
- Much of women’s work is unpaid and unrecorded; the 1998–99 time-use survey found women worked about an hour more a day than men.
- The Equal Remuneration Act requires equal pay for equal work.
- One-third of panchayat and municipal seats are reserved for women, and a 2023 law provides 33% of seats in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies.
Remember
| Equal Remuneration Act | 1976 |
| Child sex ratio, Census 2011 | 919 girls per 1,000 boys |
| Women in the Lok Sabha | 14.36% in 2019 |
| Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam | 2023: 33% of seats in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies |
| Girls from the ratio | boys ÷ 1,000 × 919 |
Watch out
- Reading the sex ratio per 100: it is girls per 1,000 boys.
- Treating unpaid housework as not being work.
- Mixing up local-body reservation (one-third) with the 2023 law for legislatures.
Worked example
With a child sex ratio of 919 girls per 1,000 boys (Census 2011), how many girls would there be for 42,000 boys, and how many fewer girls than boys?
Working: 42,000 ÷ 1,000 × 919
Answer: 38,598 girls; 3,402 fewer
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