Worksheets › Class 10 › Manufacturing Industries › Cheat sheet
Class 10 Manufacturing Industries: cheat sheet
CBSE Social Science. Why manufacturing matters, how industries are classified, textiles, iron and steel and aluminium, and industrial pollution and its control.
Key ideas
- Manufacturing turns raw materials into more valuable goods in large amounts and belongs to the secondary sector.
- It modernises farming, creates jobs, reduces dependence on agriculture and earns foreign exchange.
- Industries are classed by raw material (agro-based, mineral-based), role (basic, consumer), size and ownership (public, private, joint, cooperative).
- Textiles is the only industry self-reliant across the whole chain from raw material to finished goods.
- Iron and steel is a basic industry because others depend on it; the Chhotanagpur plateau has the most steel plants.
- An aluminium plant needs cheap, steady electricity and an assured supply of raw material.
- Industry pollutes air, water and land and adds heat and noise; treating effluents, cleaner fuels, filters and recycling water reduce it.
Remember
| First cotton mill | Mumbai, 1854 |
| First jute mill | Rishra near Kolkata, 1855 |
| Steel raw materials | iron ore : coking coal : limestone ≈ 4 : 2 : 1 |
| Ownership | public: SAIL; private: TISCO; joint: Oil India Ltd; cooperative: sugar mills |
| Treating waste water | primary (mechanical) → secondary (biological) → tertiary (biological, chemical, physical) |
Watch out
- Splitting in a ratio wrongly: 4 : 2 : 1 has 7 parts, so find one part first.
- Calling a sugar mill run by its farmers public sector: it is cooperative.
- Mixing up basic industries (supply other industries) and consumer industries (make goods for direct use).
Worked example
A steel plant uses 11,900 tonnes of raw material in the ratio iron ore : coking coal : limestone = 4 : 2 : 1. How much of each?
Working: 11,900 ÷ 7 = 1,700 per part
Answer: iron ore 6,800, coking coal 3,400, limestone 1,700 tonnes
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