Class 10 Nationalism in India: cheat sheet

Key ideas

• The First World War brought higher taxes, rising prices and forced recruitment, adding to hardship in India.
• Satyagraha is a non-violent struggle based on the power of truth; early satyagrahas took place at Champaran and Kheda.
• The Rowlatt Act allowed political prisoners to be held without trial for two years and was widely opposed.
• The Non-Cooperation Movement boycotted foreign cloth and British institutions; it was withdrawn in February 1922 after violence at Chauri Chaura.
• The Simon Commission had no Indian member and was met with protests.
• Purna Swaraj, complete independence, became the goal at Lahore in December 1929.
• The Salt March from Sabarmati to Dandi began the Civil Disobedience Movement; salt was chosen because rich and poor alike used it.
• A sense of collective belonging grew through songs, folk tales, images and flags, such as the 1921 Swaraj flag with a spinning wheel.

Remember

Watch out

• Getting the order wrong: Non-Cooperation (1921) came before Civil Disobedience (1930).
• Writing that the Salt March ended at Sabarmati: it began there and ended at Dandi.
• Saying the Simon Commission had Indian members: it had none, which caused the protests.

Worked example

Foreign cloth imports fell from Rs 102 crore in 1921 to Rs 57 crore in 1922. (a) By how much did they fall? (b) By what percentage, to one decimal place? (c) If a shop’s cloth sales of ₹85,000 fell by the same percentage, about what would they become, to the nearest rupee?

Working: 102 − 57; 45 ÷ 102 × 100; 85,000 × 57 ÷ 102

Answer: (a) Rs 45 crore (b) about 44.1% (c) about ₹47,500

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