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Class 12 Societal Impacts: cheat sheet
CBSE Informatics Practices. Living responsibly with technology: digital footprints, net etiquette, data protection, intellectual property and licences, cyber crime and the law, e-waste, and health.
Key ideas
- A digital footprint is the trail of data left online: active when you post, comment or fill in a form; passive when sites record your location, device or browsing, as cookies do.
- Good net etiquette means respecting others, giving credit and checking facts before forwarding; shouting in capitals, trolling, spamming and posting others’ details break it.
- Copyright protects creative work (books, music, art, program code), a patent an invention or process, and a trademark a brand name, logo or slogan; plagiarism passes off others’ work as yours.
- Free and open source software may be used, studied, changed and shared; proprietary software hides its source; Creative Commons licences set how a work may be reused.
- Cyber crimes include phishing, hacking, cyber bullying, identity theft and ransomware; in India the Information Technology Act, 2000 deals with cyber crime and electronic records.
- E-waste (discarded electronics) can leak toxic lead and mercury, so reduce, reuse and recycle it with authorised recyclers.
- Long screen use strains eyes, neck, wrists and sleep: take breaks, sit upright with the screen at eye level, and stop screens before bed.
Remember
| Strong password | 8 or more characters: a capital, small letter, digit and symbol |
| 20-20-20 rule (every 20 min, look 20 feet away for 20 s) | breaks in m minutes = whole part of m ÷ 20 |
| Creative Commons | BY credit; NC not for money; SA share alike; ND no changes |
| Three Rs of e-waste | reduce (repair); reuse (give, resell); recycle (authorised) |
| Share reused | reused ÷ total × 100 |
| Staying safe | two-factor login; never share an OTP; check links first |
Watch out
- Calling cookies an active footprint: anything recorded without you posting it is passive.
- Thinking a long password is strong: it also needs every kind of character.
- Confusing copyright with a patent: an invention is patented, not copyrighted.
- Treating any picture found online as free to use: credit and permission, or a suitable licence, are needed.
Worked example
A strong password has at least 8 characters, with a capital letter, a small letter, a digit and a symbol. How many of these passwords are strong? w*%9$6!& E$!9w **zfKtQR$qc &u3hR rE3at*v**7
Working: w*%9$6!&: no capital letter; E$!9w: fewer than 8 characters; **zfKtQR$qc: no digit; &u3hR: fewer than 8 characters; rE3at*v**7: strong
Answer: 1
Practise Societal Impacts
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