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Class 9 Governance and Public Policy: cheat sheet
CBSE Social Science. Government and governance, good governance and e-governance, public policy and its stakeholders, the policy cycle, and how NEP 2020 was made.
Key ideas
- Government is the set of institutions that hold authority; governance is the process of making, carrying out and checking public decisions.
- Good governance is transparent, accountable, participatory, responsive and follows the rule of law.
- E-governance delivers services online, faster and with less paperwork, but it must include people without devices or digital skills.
- A public policy is a government’s planned course of action on a public problem, carried out by public institutions and often paid for by taxes.
- Stakeholders include citizens, elected representatives, officials, NGOs, the media and companies.
- A policy sets the direction, a programme lays out the plan, and a scheme delivers benefits to people.
- The National Education Policy 2020 replaced the 1986 policy after wide consultation, with a draft from a committee chaired by Dr K. Kasturirangan.
Remember
| Policy cycle | identify the problem → prioritise → formulate → adopt → implement → monitor → evaluate |
| Transparency | decisions and information open to citizens |
| Accountability | officials answer for their decisions and actions |
| NEP 2020 | approved by the Union Cabinet in July 2020 |
| Not a public policy | a rule made by one school or housing society |
Watch out
- Using government and governance as the same word.
- Putting implementation before adoption in the policy cycle.
- Calling every rule a public policy: it must be made by government for the public.
Worked example
Put these policy-cycle stages in order: implementation, adoption, formulation.
Working: identifying the problem → prioritising → formulation → adoption → implementation → monitoring → evaluation
Answer: formulation, adoption, implementation
Practise Governance and Public Policy
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