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Class 9 Patterns in Life: Diversity and Classification: cheat sheet
CBSE Science. Living things are grouped by shared features: five kingdoms, plant and animal groups, the levels of classification and two-part scientific names.
Key ideas
- Whittaker’s five kingdoms: Monera (no true nucleus), Protista (single eukaryotic cells), Fungi, Plantae, Animalia.
- Plants: Thallophyta (no true body parts), Bryophyta (no vascular tissue), Pteridophyta (vascular, no seeds), gymnosperms (naked seeds), angiosperms (seeds in fruits).
- Animals without a backbone include Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca and Echinodermata.
- Vertebrates: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals; birds and mammals are warm-blooded.
- Classification uses body features, not habits: a bat is a mammal and a whale is not a fish.
- A dichotomous key identifies organisms by questions with two choices each.
Remember
| Hierarchy | kingdom → phylum → class → order → family → genus → species |
| Scientific name | Genus species, e.g. Homo sapiens, Mangifera indica |
| Dichotomous key | k questions can separate up to 2ᵏ organisms |
Watch out
- Writing the species name with a capital letter, or the genus with a small one.
- Grouping a spider with insects (it has eight legs; insects have six).
- Placing mushrooms with plants (fungi cannot make their own food).
Worked example
A student writes the scientific name of the potato plant as 'tuberosum solanum'. Write it correctly and give the rules.
Working: genus first with a capital letter, species second with a small letter; printed in italics (underlined separately when handwritten)
Answer: Solanum tuberosum
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