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Class 11 Motivation and Emotion: cheat sheet
CBSE Psychology. The motivational cycle, biological and psychosocial motives, Maslow’s hierarchy, the nature and expression of emotions, and ways to manage feelings and examination anxiety.
Key ideas
- In the motivational cycle a need creates a drive, the drive leads to goal-directed behaviour, and reaching the goal reduces the drive.
- Biological motives such as hunger and thirst come from the body’s needs; psychosocial motives such as affiliation, power, achievement and curiosity are learned.
- People high in achievement motivation prefer moderately difficult tasks.
- Maslow’s hierarchy rises from physiological needs to self-actualisation; higher needs take over once lower ones are met.
- An emotion combines arousal, a subjective feeling and a cognitive interpretation; it is shown through face, gestures, distance and paralanguage.
- Basic facial expressions seem universal, but culture shapes when and how strongly emotions are shown.
- A moderate level of examination anxiety helps performance; monitoring and blunting strategies keep it in check.
Remember
| Maslow, bottom to top | physiological → safety → belongingness and love → esteem → self-actualisation |
| Basic emotions | six recognised everywhere: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise; Plutchik eight, Izard ten |
| Thirst | osmoreceptors in the anterior hypothalamus respond to cell dehydration |
| Monitoring (act on the task) | prepare early, rehearse with mock tests, think of your strengths, ask for support |
| Blunting (calm the body) | relaxation, light exercise |
| Managing feelings | self-awareness, objective appraisal, restructuring thoughts, a hobby, good friendships, empathy |
Watch out
- Using need and drive as the same thing: the need is the lack, the drive is the arousal it produces.
- Placing esteem above self-actualisation in Maslow’s hierarchy.
- Mixing up the strategies: preparing and rehearsing is monitoring, relaxing is blunting.
Worked example
Suppose Vikram plans a 5-hour revision session in blocks of 40 minutes, each followed by a 10-minute break for light exercise. How many full blocks fit, and which kind of strategy for examination anxiety are the planning and the exercise?
Working: 5 × 60 = 300 minutes; ÷ (40 + 10) = 6 full blocks
Answer: 6 full blocks; planning and preparing is monitoring, light exercise is blunting
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